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      Content-Disposition header
      Written By: Administrator
      Section: Java

      Category: References

      2006-05-06 15:09:33
      Useful if you want to send dynamic content to the browser: a generated PDF for example...




      Network Working Group                                          R. Troost
      Request for Comments: 2183                           New Century Systems
      Updates: 1806                                                  S. Dorner
      Category: Standards Track                          QUALCOMM Incorporated
                                                              K. Moore, Editor
                                                       University of Tennessee
                                                                   August 1997


                     Communicating Presentation Information in
                                 Internet Messages:
                        The Content-Disposition Header Field

      Status of this Memo

         This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
         Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
         improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
         Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
         and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

      Abstract

         This memo provides a mechanism whereby messages conforming to the
         MIME specifications [RFC 2045, RFC 2046, RFC 2047, RFC 2048, RFC
         2049] can convey presentational information.  It specifies the
         "Content-Disposition" header field, which is optional and valid for
         any MIME entity ("message" or "body part").  Two values for this
         header field are described in this memo; one for the ordinary linear
         presentation of the body part, and another to facilitate the use of
         mail to transfer files.  It is expected that more values will be
         defined in the future, and procedures are defined for extending this
          set of values.

         This document is intended as an extension to MIME.  As such, the
         reader is assumed to be familiar with the MIME specifications, and
         [RFC 822].  The information presented herein supplements but does not
         replace that found in those documents.

         This document is a revision to the Experimental protocol defined in
         RFC 1806.  As compared to RFC 1806, this document contains minor
         editorial updates, adds new parameters needed to support the File
         Transfer Body Part, and references a separate specification for the
         handling of non-ASCII and/or very long parameter values.







      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 1]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      1.  Introduction

         MIME specifies a standard format for encapsulating multiple pieces of
         data into a single Internet message. That document does not address
         the issue of presentation styles; it provides a framework for the
         interchange of message content, but leaves presentation issues solely
         in the hands of mail user agent (MUA) implementors.

         Two common ways of presenting multipart electronic messages are as a
         main document with a list of separate attachments, and as a single
         document with the various parts expanded (displayed) inline. The
         display of an attachment is generally construed to require positive
         action on the part of the recipient, while inline message components
         are displayed automatically when the message is viewed. A mechanism
         is needed to allow the sender to transmit this sort of presentational
         information to the recipient; the Content-Disposition header provides
         this mechanism, allowing each component of a message to be tagged
         with an indication of its desired presentation semantics.

         Tagging messages in this manner will often be sufficient for basic
         message formatting. However, in many cases a more powerful and
         flexible approach will be necessary. The definition of such
         approaches is beyond the scope of this memo; however, such approaches
         can benefit from additional Content-Disposition values and
         parameters, to be defined at a later date.

         In addition to allowing the sender to specify the presentational
         disposition of a message component, it is desirable to allow her to
         indicate a default archival disposition; a filename. The optional
         "filename" parameter provides for this.  Further, the creation-date,
         modification-date, and read-date parameters allow preservation of
         those file attributes when the file is transmitted over MIME email.

         NB: The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
         SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this
         document, are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].

      2.  The Content-Disposition Header Field

         Content-Disposition is an optional header field. In its absence, the
         MUA may use whatever presentation method it deems suitable.

         It is desirable to keep the set of possible disposition types small
         and well defined, to avoid needless complexity. Even so, evolving
         usage will likely require the definition of additional disposition
         types or parameters, so the set of disposition values is extensible;
         see below.




      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 2]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


         In the extended BNF notation of [RFC 822], the Content-Disposition
         header field is defined as follows:

           disposition := "Content-Disposition" ":"
                          disposition-type
                          *(";" disposition-parm)

           disposition-type := "inline"
                             / "attachment"
                             / extension-token
                             ; values are not case-sensitive

           disposition-parm := filename-parm
                             / creation-date-parm
                             / modification-date-parm
                             / read-date-parm
                             / size-parm
                             / parameter

           filename-parm := "filename" "=" value

           creation-date-parm := "creation-date" "=" quoted-date-time

           modification-date-parm := "modification-date" "=" quoted-date-time

           read-date-parm := "read-date" "=" quoted-date-time

           size-parm := "size" "=" 1*DIGIT

           quoted-date-time := quoted-string
                            ; contents MUST be an RFC 822 `date-time'
                            ; numeric timezones (+HHMM or -HHMM) MUST be used



         NOTE ON PARAMETER VALUE LENGHTS: A short (length <= 78 characters)
         parameter value containing only non-`tspecials' characters SHOULD be
         represented as a single `token'.  A short parameter value containing
         only ASCII characters, but including `tspecials' characters, SHOULD
         be represented as `quoted-string'.  Parameter values longer than 78
         characters, or which contain non-ASCII characters, MUST be encoded as
         specified in [RFC 2184].

         `Extension-token', `parameter', `tspecials' and `value' are defined
         according to [RFC 2045] (which references [RFC 822] in the definition
         of some of these tokens).  `quoted-string' and `DIGIT' are defined in
         [RFC 822].




      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 3]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      2.1  The Inline Disposition Type

         A bodypart should be marked `inline' if it is intended to be
         displayed automatically upon display of the message.  Inline
         bodyparts should be presented in the order in which they occur,
         subject to the normal semantics of multipart messages.

      2.2  The Attachment Disposition Type

         Bodyparts can be designated `attachment' to indicate that they are
         separate from the main body of the mail message, and that their
         display should not be automatic, but contingent upon some further
         action of the user.  The MUA might instead present the user of a
         bitmap terminal with an iconic representation of the attachments, or,
         on character terminals, with a list of attachments from which the
         user could select for viewing or storage.

      2.3  The Filename Parameter

         The sender may want to suggest a filename to be used if the entity is
         detached and stored in a separate file. If the receiving MUA writes
         the entity to a file, the suggested filename should be used as a
         basis for the actual filename, where possible.

         It is important that the receiving MUA not blindly use the suggested
         filename.  The suggested filename SHOULD be checked (and possibly
         changed) to see that it conforms to local filesystem conventions,
         does not overwrite an existing file, and does not present a security
         problem (see Security Considerations below).

         The receiving MUA SHOULD NOT respect any directory path information
         that may seem to be present in the filename parameter.  The filename
         should be treated as a terminal component only.  Portable
         specification of directory paths might possibly be done in the future
         via a separate Content-Disposition parameter, but no provision is
         made for it in this draft.

         Current [RFC 2045] grammar restricts parameter values (and hence
         Content-Disposition filenames) to US-ASCII.  We recognize the great
         desirability of allowing arbitrary character sets in filenames, but
         it is beyond the scope of this document to define the necessary
         mechanisms.  We expect that the basic [RFC 1521] `value'
         specification will someday be amended to allow use of non-US-ASCII
         characters, at which time the same mechanism should be used in the
         Content-Disposition filename parameter.






      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 4]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


         Beyond the limitation to US-ASCII, the sending MUA may wish to bear
         in mind the limitations of common filesystems.  Many have severe
         length and character set restrictions.  Short alphanumeric filenames
         are least likely to require modification by the receiving system.

         The presence of the filename parameter does not force an
         implementation to write the entity to a separate file. It is
         perfectly acceptable for implementations to leave the entity as part
         of the normal mail stream unless the user requests otherwise. As a
         consequence, the parameter may be used on any MIME entity, even
         `inline' ones. These will not normally be written to files, but the
         parameter could be used to provide a filename if the receiving user
         should choose to write the part to a file.

      2.4 The Creation-Date parameter

         The creation-date parameter MAY be used to indicate the date at which
         the file was created.  If this parameter is included, the paramter
         value MUST be a quoted-string which contains a representation of the
         creation date of the file in [RFC 822] `date-time' format.

         UNIX and POSIX implementors are cautioned that the `st_ctime' file
         attribute of the `stat' structure is not the creation time of the
         file; it is thus not appropriate as a source for the creation-date
         parameter value.

      2.5 The Modification-Date parameter

         The modification-date parameter MAY be used to indicate the date at
         which the file was last modified.  If the modification-date parameter
         is included, the paramter value MUST be a quoted-string which
         contains a representation of the last modification date of the file
         in [RFC 822] `date-time' format.

      2.6 The Read-Date parameter

         The read-date parameter MAY be used to indicate the date at which the
         file was last read.  If the read-date parameter is included, the
         parameter value MUST be a quoted-string which contains a
         representation of the last-read date of the file in [RFC 822] `date-
         time' format.

      2.7 The Size parameter

         The size parameter indicates an approximate size of the file in
         octets.  It can be used, for example, to pre-allocate space before
         attempting to store the file, or to determine whether enough space
         exists.



      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 5]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      2.8  Future Extensions and Unrecognized Disposition Types

         In the likely event that new parameters or disposition types are
         needed, they should be registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers
         Authority (IANA), in the manner specified in Section 9 of this memo.

         Once new disposition types and parameters are defined, there is of
         course the likelihood that implementations will see disposition types
         and parameters they do not understand.  Furthermore, since x-tokens
         are allowed, implementations may also see entirely unregistered
         disposition types and parameters.

         Unrecognized parameters should be ignored. Unrecognized disposition
         types should be treated as `attachment'. The choice of `attachment'
         for unrecognized types is made because a sender who goes to the
         trouble of producing a Content-Disposition header with a new
         disposition type is more likely aiming for something more elaborate
         than inline presentation.

         Unless noted otherwise in the definition of a parameter, Content-
         Disposition parameters are valid for all dispositions.  (In contrast
         to MIME content-type parameters, which are defined on a per-content-
         type basis.) Thus, for example, the `filename' parameter still means
         the name of the file to which the part should be written, even if the
         disposition itself is unrecognized.

      2.9  Content-Disposition and Multipart

         If a Content-Disposition header is used on a multipart body part, it
         applies to the multipart as a whole, not the individual subparts.
         The disposition types of the subparts do not need to be consulted
         until the multipart itself is presented.  When the multipart is
         displayed, then the dispositions of the subparts should be respected.

         If the `inline' disposition is used, the multipart should be
         displayed as normal; however, an `attachment' subpart should require
         action from the user to display.

         If the `attachment' disposition is used, presentation of the
         multipart should not proceed without explicit user action.  Once the
         user has chosen to display the multipart, the individual subpart
         dispositions should be consulted to determine how to present the
         subparts.








      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 6]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      2.10  Content-Disposition and the Main Message

         It is permissible to use Content-Disposition on the main body of an
         [RFC 822] message.

      3.  Examples

         Here is a an example of a body part containing a JPEG image that is
         intended to be viewed by the user immediately:

              Content-Type: image/jpeg
              Content-Disposition: inline
              Content-Description: just a small picture of me

              

         The following body part contains a JPEG image that should be
         displayed to the user only if the user requests it. If the JPEG is
         written to a file, the file should be named "genome.jpg".  The
         recipient's user might also choose to set the last-modified date of
         the stored file to date in the modification-date parameter:

              Content-Type: image/jpeg
              Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=genome.jpeg;
                modification-date="Wed, 12 Feb 1997 16:29:51 -0500";
              Content-Description: a complete map of the human genome

             

         The following is an example of the use of the `attachment'
         disposition with a multipart body part.  The user should see text-
         part-1 immediately, then take some action to view multipart-2.  After
         taking action to view multipart-2, the user will see text-part-2
         right away, and be required to take action to view jpeg-1.  Subparts
         are indented for clarity; they would not be so indented in a real
         message.















      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 7]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


              Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=outer
              Content-Description: multipart-1

              --outer
                Content-Type: text/plain
                Content-Disposition: inline
                Content-Description: text-part-1

                Some text goes here

              --outer
                Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=inner
                Content-Disposition: attachment
                Content-Description: multipart-2

                --inner
                  Content-Type: text/plain
                  Content-Disposition: inline
                  Content-Description: text-part-2

                  Some more text here.

                --inner
                  Content-Type: image/jpeg
                  Content-Disposition: attachment
                  Content-Description: jpeg-1

                 
                --inner--
              --outer--

      4.  Summary

         Content-Disposition takes one of two values, `inline' and
         `attachment'.  `Inline' indicates that the entity should be
         immediately displayed to the user, whereas `attachment' means that
         the user should take additional action to view the entity.

         The `filename' parameter can be used to suggest a filename for
         storing the bodypart, if the user wishes to store it in an external
         file.










      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 8]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      5.  Security Considerations

         There are security issues involved any time users exchange data.
         While these are not to be minimized, neither does this memo change
         the status quo in that regard, except in one instance.

         Since this memo provides a way for the sender to suggest a filename,
         a receiving MUA must take care that the sender's suggested filename
         does not represent a hazard. Using UNIX as an example, some hazards
         would be:

         +    Creating startup files (e.g., ".login").

         +    Creating or overwriting system files (e.g., "/etc/passwd").

         +    Overwriting any existing file.

         +    Placing executable files into any command search path
              (e.g., "~/bin/more").

         +    Sending the file to a pipe (e.g., "| sh").

         In general, the receiving MUA should not name or place the file such
         that it will get interpreted or executed without the user explicitly
         initiating the action.

         It is very important to note that this is not an exhaustive list; it
         is intended as a small set of examples only.  Implementors must be
         alert to the potential hazards on their target systems.

      6.  References

         [RFC 2119]
              Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
              Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997.

         [RFC 2184]
              Freed, N. and K. Moore, "MIME Parameter value and Encoded Words:
              Character Sets, Lanaguage, and Continuations", RFC 2184, August
              1997.

         [RFC 2045]
              Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC
              2045, December 1996.






      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                     [Page 9]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


         [RFC 2046]
              Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046, December 1996.

         [RFC 2047]
              Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part
              Three: Message Header Extensions for non-ASCII Text", RFC 2047,
              December 1996.

         [RFC 2048]
              Freed, N., Klensin, J. and J. Postel, "MIME (Multipurpose
              Internet Mail Extensions) Part Four: Registration Procedures",
              RFC 2048, December 1996.

         [RFC 2049]
              Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions) Part Five: Conformance Criteria and Examples", RFC
              2049, December 1996.

         [RFC 822]
              Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text
              Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.

      7.  Acknowledgements

         We gratefully acknowledge the help these people provided during the
         preparation of this draft:

              Nathaniel Borenstein
              Ned Freed
              Keith Moore
              Dave Crocker
              Dan Pritchett


















      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                    [Page 10]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


      8.  Authors' Addresses

         You should blame the editor of this version of the document for any
         changes since RFC 1806:

              Keith Moore
              Department of Computer Science
              University of Tennessee, Knoxville
              107 Ayres Hall
              Knoxville TN  37996-1301
              USA

              Phone: +1 (423) 974-5067
              Fax: +1 (423) 974-8296
              Email: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it


              The authors of RFC 1806 are:

              Rens Troost
              New Century Systems
              324 East 41st Street #804
              New York, NY, 10017 USA

              Phone: +1 (212) 557-2050
              Fax: +1 (212) 557-2049
              EMail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it


              Steve Dorner
              QUALCOMM Incorporated
              6455 Lusk Boulevard
              San Diego, CA 92121
              USA

              EMail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it


      9. Registration of New Content-Disposition Values and Parameters

         New Content-Disposition values (besides "inline" and "attachment")
         may be defined only by Internet standards-track documents, or in
         Experimental documents approved by the Internet Engineering Steering
         Group.







      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                    [Page 11]

      RFC 2183                  Content-Disposition                August 1997


         New content-disposition parameters may be registered by supplying the
         information in the following template and sending it via electronic
         mail to This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it :

           To: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
           Subject: Registration of new Content-Disposition parameter

           Content-Disposition parameter name:

           Allowable values for this parameter:
                (If the parameter can only assume a small number of values,
                list each of those values.  Otherwise, describe the values
                that the parameter can assume.)
           Description:
                (What is the purpose of this parameter and how is it used?)

      10. Changes since RFC 1806

         The following changes have been made since the earlier version of
         this document, published in RFC 1806 as an Experimental protocol:

         +    Updated references to MIME documents.  In some cases this
              involved substituting a reference to one of the current MIME
              RFCs for a reference to RFC 1521; in other cases, a reference to
              RFC 1521 was simply replaced with the word "MIME".

         +    Added  a section on registration procedures, since none of the
              procedures in RFC 2048 seemed to be appropriate.

         +    Added new parameter types: creation-date, modification-date,
              read-date, and size.


         +    Incorporated a reference to draft-freed-pvcsc-* for encoding
              long or non-ASCII parameter values.

         +    Added reference to RFC 2119 to define MUST, SHOULD, etc.
              keywords.

      Troost, et. al.             Standards Track                    [Page 12]



      HTTP error status messages
      Written By: Administrator
      Section: Java

      Category: References

      2007-01-06 14:21:02
      Message Description
      100 Continue Only a part of the request has been received by the server, but as long as it
       has not been rejected, the client should continue with the request
      101 Switching Protocols The server switches protocol
      200 OK The request is OK
      201 Created The request is complete, and a new resource is created 
      202 Accepted The request is accepted for processing, but the processing is not complete
      203 Non-authoritative Information  
      204 No Content  
      205 Reset Content  
      206 Partial Content  
      300 Multiple Choices A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses  
      301 Moved Permanently The requested page has moved to a new url 
      302 Found The requested page has moved temporarily to a new url 
      303 See Other The requested page can be found under a different url 
      304 Not Modified  
      305 Use Proxy  
      306 Unused This code was used in a previous version. It is no longer used, but the code is reserved
      307 Temporary Redirect The requested page has moved temporarily to a new url
      400 Bad Request The server did not understand the request
      401 Unauthorized The requested page needs a username and a password
      402 Payment Required You can not use this code yet
      403 Forbidden Access is forbidden to the requested page
      404 Not Found The server can not find the requested page
      405 Method Not Allowed The method specified in the request is not allowed
      406 Not Acceptable The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client
      407 Proxy Authentication Required You must authenticate with a proxy server before this request can be served
      408 Request Timeout The request took longer than the server was prepared to wait
      409 Conflict The request could not be completed because of a conflict
      410 Gone The requested page is no longer available 
      411 Length Required The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it 
      412 Precondition Failed The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server
      413 Request Entity Too Large The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large
      414 Request-url Too Long The server will not accept the request, because the url is too long.
      Occurs when you convert a "post" request to a "get" request with a
      long query information 
      415 Unsupported Media Type The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported 
      416   
      417 Expectation Failed  
      500 Internal Server Error The request was not completed. The server met an unexpected condition
      501 Not Implemented The request was not completed. The server did not support the functionality required
      502 Bad Gateway The request was not completed. The server received an invalid response from the
      upstream server
      503 Service Unavailable The request was not completed. The server is temporarily overloading or down
      504 Gateway Timeout The gateway has timed out
      505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the "http protocol" version


      More performances for Joomla! with com_minify
      Written By: Administrator
      Section: Joomla

      Category: com_minify

      2009-01-08 17:54:20

      Announcement of com_minify

      I am developing a new component com_minify that will greatly reduce the number of http requests

      it Combines, minifies, and caches JavaScript and CSS files on demand to speed up page loads.

      from yahoo performance developer
      80% of the end-user response time is spent on the front-end. Most of this time is tied up in downloading all the components in the page: images, style sheets, scripts, Flash, etc. Reducing the number of components in turn reduces the number of HTTP requests required to render the page. This is the key to faster pages.

      One way to reduce the number of components in the page is to simplify the page's design. But is there a way to build pages with richer content while also achieving fast response times? Here are some techniques for reducing the number of HTTP requests, while still supporting rich page designs.

      Combined files are a way to reduce the number of HTTP requests by combining all scripts into a single script, and similarly combining all CSS into a single style sheet. Combining files is more challenging when the scripts and style sheets vary from page to page, but making this part of your release process improves response times.

      I was developing this week end this component (name com_combine) but decide it would be better to use a proven engine, and I found one:
      http://code.google.com/p/minify/

      Minify is a PHP5 app that can combine multiple CSS or JavaScript files, compress their contents (i.e. removal of unnecessary whitespace/comments), and serve the results with HTTP encoding (gzip/deflate) and headers that allow optimal client-side caching. This helps you follow several of Yahoo!'s Rules for High Performance Web Sites.

      The list of features is huge

      • Combines and minifies multiple CSS or JavaScript files into a single download
      • Uses an enhanced port of Douglas Crockford's JSMin library and custom classes to minify CSS and HTML
      • Caches server-side to avoid doing unnecessary work
      • Responds with an HTTP 304 (Not Modified) response when the browser has an up-to-date cache copy
      • Most modules are lazy-loaded as needed (304 responses use minimal code)
      • Automatically rewrites relative URIs in combined CSS files to point to valid locations
      • With caching enabled, Minify is capable of handling hundreds of requests per second on a moderately powerful server.
      • Content-Encoding: deflate/gzip, based on request headers. Caching allows it so serve deflated files faster than Apache's mod_deflate option!
      • Test cases for most components
      • Easy integration of 3rd-party minifiers
      • Separate utility classes for HTTP encoding and cache control

      On top of that you'll get the ease of

      • Installation and removal like any Joomla! component
      • A real back end administration panel, multilingual,
      • Version check to always keep up to date,
      • Some security measure inherited from Joomla! framework and best practices.
      • GPL v3 license for com_minify,
      • BSD license for the engine minify

      Download it later this week HERE






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